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Footnotes for
"A Guise Child Dies, 1675"

1. Gazette, 1675, p. 195. See also the Gazeta de Amsterdam, March 22, 1675 (Library of the University of Amsterdam, Rosenthaliana, 19 C 10), which asserts that the dead child's grandmother, the Duchess of Angoulême, withdrew to Montmartre with Mme de Guise.

2. Based on B.N., ms. fr. 23322, p. 34, preserved by Gaignières.

3. Rituel monastique pour l'abbaye royale de Montmartre (Paris, 1664), pp. 318-327.

4. H.W. Hitchcock, "Mémoire," p. 13.

5. A.N., LL 1587, fol. 10, Deliberation dated July 7, 1675. John Burke, "Sacred Music à Notre Dame des Victoires, Recherches 20 (1981):19, confuses Marie de Lorraine  (Mlle de Guise) with Isabelle d'Orléans (Mme de Guise).

6. Germain Brice, Description nouvelle de ce qu'il y a de plus remarquable dans la Ville de Paris (Paris: Le Gros, 1684) 1:166.

7. Archivio di Stato, Florence, Med. del Prin., 4819, "Diversi," narration of Toscane's return to France.

8. B.N., ms., D.B., 554, "Ragois," fol. 2.B.N., ms., D.B., 554, "Ragois," fol. 2.

9. On Bretonvilliers, see Yves Poutet, Le XVII^e Siècle et les origines lasalliennes (Rennes, 1970), pp. 317 ff.

10. On June 3, 1670, Le Jeune signed an obligation to a certain Noël Lefevre, bourgeois de Paris, A.N., M.C., XCI, 369. Only a few months later, Mlle de Guise paid Lefevre 1500 livres because Charles de Fioravanti had ceded to him part of the money the princess had promised to pay him subsequent to his dismissal as Mme de Guise's secretary, XCI, 374, March 20, 1671.

11. On May 7, 1634, his close relative, Marie Roger, married François Olier, the curé's brother, A.N., M.C., XXIV, 340, fol. 601. See also B.N., ms., D.B., 576, "Roger," fol. 6.

12. A.N., M.C., CXII, 371, constitution, September 20, 1675.

13. Robert Descimon, Qui étaient les Seize?, pp. 195-96.

14. Denis Neret's mother was Marie Lescuyer. Her sister Nicole was the mother of Jean Boulanger, who married Marie Dalibert in 1647, in the presence of her brother, Jacques II and of a Neret, B.N., ms., D.B., 485, "Neret," fol. 3; A.N., M.C., XX, 265, October 1, 1647.

15. In 1658, François Roger (Pierre's father) loaned Mlle de Guise 12,000 livres, A.N., M.C., CX, 136, constitution, May 22, 1658.

16. Joseph Grandet, Mémoires: Histoire du Séminaire d'Angers, ed. G.Letourneaux (Paris, 1893), II, p. 296. This statement is slightly inaccurate. The school used the existing building and eventually enlarged it, but this expansion did not occur until some years after Bretonvilliers's death.

17. Joseph Grandet, Les Saints prêtres français, ed. G. Letourneaux (Angers, 1897), II, p. 297.

18. Grandet, Histoire, II, p. 296.

19. Grandet, Histoire, II, p. 560. See also the methods published by Nicolas Le Jeune de Franqueville, Le Miroir de l'Art et de la Nature (Paris, 1691), which teaches German and Latin by means of small, trilingual engraved illustrations; and La Grammaire abrégée et méthodique (Paris, 1686), a Latin grammar that went through at least five printings. I have proposed elsewhere (my article in Recherches) that the Guise musician Loulié wrote some of his musical teaching methods for this school.

20. Grandet, Les Saints prêtres, II, p. 297.

21. Grandet, Histoire, II, pp. 559-60.

22. Leskoutoff, La Sainte et la Fée, pp. 49, 52. A reminder: Charpentier's cousin, Sevin, had been "given" to Mme Sully to take care of her business affairs.

23. Denis Amelote, Le Petit Office du Saint Enfant Jésus, by Sœur Marguerite du Saint-Sacrement, Carmelite of Beaune (Paris, 1683).

24. Simon de Doncourt, Remarques historiques sur l'Eglise et la Paroisse de Saint-Sulpice (Paris, 1773), p. 102. The confraternity intially met at Notre-Dame-de-Liesse, the closest neighbor to the house that became the Academy of the Enfant Jésus.

25. Leskoutoff, La Sainte et la Fée, p. 55, who quotes Parisot

26. A.N., Y 2802, licitation and adjudication, March 29, 1732. According to the inventory drawn up on August 31, 1720, A.N., M.C., VIII, 937, there were two paintings of Jesus in the chapel: "un grand tableau représentant notre seigneur dans le temple, au milieu des docteurs" (clearly put there to inspire the boys to study), and "un autre tableau [..] représentant notre seigneur" (probably in the form of an "Enfant Jésus," that is to say, an infant-king surrounded by angels and nimbuses).

27. For this serious child, see Leskoutoff, La Sainte et la Fée, pp. 35-36.

28. G. Thiriot, "Les Carmélites de Metz," Mémoires de l'Académie nationale de Metz (1925), pp. 102 ff.

29. L'Almanach du Palais, bound with Louis de Bailleul's journal, Arsenal, 8o S 13762.

30. A.N., R4* 1056, item 876, quoted in Langlois, Hôtel de Guise, and in Jules Guiffrey, "Inventaire des meubles précieux...," Nouvelles Archives de l'art français, 3e série, 13 (1896):230. The 1660s and 1670s saw a great vogue for dollhouses, albeit usually representing laymen's homes. See for example the house created by/for a wealthy Amsterdam woman, Jet Pijzel-Dommisse, Poppenhuis van Petronella de la Court (Utrecht: Veen/Reflex, 1987). On the walls of this house, which was considered so precious that its contents were itemized in the owner's death inventory, hung the portraits of the French Royal family and of Mazarin, circa 1664.

31. See Anatole de Charmasse, Etat de l'instruction primaire dans l'ancien diocèse d'Autun (Paris, 1873), pp. 27-109.

32. To learn more about this suspect but highly effective school, Dr. Vallant acquired a copy of the "Mémoire touchant les filles establies à Toulouse," B.N., ms. fr. 17049, fols. 88-90.

33. René Thuillier, Vie et Éloge du T.R.P. Nicolas Barré, written circa 1700 and translated from the original Latin by Julien Loth, B.^N., 8o Ln²⁷ 58254, pp. 22-25.

34. Sacra congregatio pro causis sanctorum officium historicum, 8, Parisien. Beatificationis et canonizationis servi dei Nicolai Barré (Rome, 1970), B.N., F^o H 234; (8), doc. VII, p. 132, and doc. IX, which states that the institute opened its doors in "October 1675-January 1676." On Barré and the "filles de l'Enfant Jésus," see also Farcy, Institut des Sœurs du Saint Enfant Jésus dites de la Providence de Rouen (Rouen, 1939), and Le Révérend Père Barré (Paris, 1942); Charles Cordonnier, Le R.P. Nicolas Barré (Paris, 1938); Nicolas Barré (and Montigny-Servien), Maximes Spirituelles (Paris, 1694) and Statuts et Règlements des Escoles chrestiennes et charitables du S. Enfant Jésus (Paris, 1685); A.N., S 7045, S 7048-7050 and M 57, the archives of the institute; and Poutet, Les origines lasalliennes.

35. A.N., M.C., XCIX, 270, obligation of December 10, 1676, quittance of December 11 and déclaration of September 12.

36. The inventory of this room made in 1688 refers to a Virgin by Corneille, a "Descent from the Cross" and the "Enfant Jésus of Nocret," A.N., R 4* 1056, numbers 658 to 662.